Essay on Mahatma Gandhi in English ( 100, 200, 300 words ) for students:-
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| Essay on Mahatma Gandhi in 200 Words |
Short Essay on Mahatma Gandhi :-
Date and place of birth: October 2, 1869, and Porbandar Gujarat. Is birthday 2 October is commemorated in India as 'Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday and worldwide as the international day of non-violence according to a declaration of UNO.
Father: Karamchand Gandhi, mother: Putali Bai, political guru: Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Private Secretary: Mahadev Desai (1917-42), Pyarelal Nayyar ( 1942- 48).
Literary influences of Mahatma Gandhi: Sarvodaya (1980) - translation of "unto this last" in Gujarat, Hind Swaraj (1909), my experiments with Truth ( autobiography, 1927) - reveals events of Mahatma Gandhi's life up to 1921.
As an editor: Indian opinion: 1903-15 ( in English and Gujarati, for a short period in Hindi and Tamil), Harijan: 1919 - 31 ( in English, Gujarati, and Hindi), Young India: 1933-42 ( in English and Gujarati- named Nava Jeevan).
Father: Karamchand Gandhi, mother: Putali Bai, political guru: Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Private Secretary: Mahadev Desai (1917-42), Pyarelal Nayyar ( 1942- 48).
Literary influences of Mahatma Gandhi: Sarvodaya (1980) - translation of "unto this last" in Gujarat, Hind Swaraj (1909), my experiments with Truth ( autobiography, 1927) - reveals events of Mahatma Gandhi's life up to 1921.
As an editor: Indian opinion: 1903-15 ( in English and Gujarati, for a short period in Hindi and Tamil), Harijan: 1919 - 31 ( in English, Gujarati, and Hindi), Young India: 1933-42 ( in English and Gujarati- named Nava Jeevan).
Essay on Mahatma Gandhi 100 words :-
Main events During the Gandhian Era
Rowaltt Act (1919): During the viceroyalty of Lord Chelmsford, a sedition committee was appointed by the government in 1918 with justice Rowaltt which made a certain recommendation to curb seditious activities in India. The Rowaltt act 1919, gave unbridled powers to the government to arrest and impression suspects, without trial. The act caused a wave of anger among the people. Even before the act was passed, popular agitation began against it. Mahatma Gandhi decided to fight against this act and he gave a call for satyagraha on April 6, 1919. He was arrested on April 8, 1919. This lead to the intensification of the agitation in Delhi, Ahmedabad, and Punjab.
Jallianwala bagh massacre ( April 13, 1919): the arrest of Dr. Saifuddin and Dr. Satyapal on April 10, 1919, under The Rowaltt act in connection with Satyagraha caused serious unrest in Punjab. A public meeting was held on April 13, 1919, in an area called Jallianwala bagh in Amritsar where Thousands of people including women and children assembled. Before the meeting could start general Reginald Edward Harry Dyer order indiscriminate heavy firing on the crowd and the people had no way out to escape. As a result, hundreds of men, women, and children were killed and more than 1200 people were wounded. At the time Michael O'Dwyer was the lieutenant governor of Punjab. The Massacre was a turning point in Indo- British relations and inspired the people to provide a more unrelenting fight for freedom.
Note: Sardar Uddham Singh, an Indian patriot from Punjab, shot down Michael O'Dwyer in London in 1940.
Essay on Mahatma Gandhi 200 words :-
Khilafat movement (1920-22): The Caliph ( or, khalifa) sultan of Turkey, was looked upon by the Muslims as their religious head. During the first world war, when the safety and welfare of Turkey were threatened why the Muslims adopted an aggressive anti - British attitude. The Ali Brothers-Mohammed Ali and shaukat Ali-launched and anti-british movement in 1921 khilafat movement for the Restoration of the khilafat. Maulana abul Kalam Azad also led the movement.it was supported by Mahatma gandhi and Inc which paved the way for Hindu -Muslim unity.
Non- cooperation movement (1920-22): At the Calcutta season in September 1920, Congress resolved in favor of the non -cooperation movement and defined swaraj as its ultimate aim.
The attack on a local police station by pigeons at chauri-Chora in Gorakhpur district of UP on February 5,1922, change the whole situation. Mahatma Gandhi, shocked by the chauri-Chaura incident, withdrew the non-cooperation movement on Feb. 12, 1922.
Swaraj party (1923) : Mahatma Gandhi's decision to call off the agitation caused frustration among masses. His decision came in for severe criticism from his colleagues like Motilal Nehru, C.R Dad and N.C Kelkar, who organised the swaraj party The foundations of the swaraj party were laid on January 1, 1923,as the ' Congress khilafat- Swaraj party'.
It proposed then an alternative program of diverting the movement from widespread civil disobedience program to restrictive one which would encourage its member to enter into legislative councils by contesting elections in order to wreckthe legislature from within and to use moral pressure to compare the authority to concede to the popular demand for self government.
In the election held in 1923 the swaraj party captured 45 of the 145 seats. in provincial election they secured few seeds but in the central province they secured a clear majority. In Bengal, the swaraj party was the largest party. They follow the policy of undiluted opposition. The swarajists demanded the release all the political prisoner, provincial autonomy, repairing of the repressive law imposed by the government. However after the death of C.R Das in 1925 they drifted towards a policy of cooperation with the government. This led to dissention and the party broke up in 1926.
Non- cooperation movement (1920-22): At the Calcutta season in September 1920, Congress resolved in favor of the non -cooperation movement and defined swaraj as its ultimate aim.
The attack on a local police station by pigeons at chauri-Chora in Gorakhpur district of UP on February 5,1922, change the whole situation. Mahatma Gandhi, shocked by the chauri-Chaura incident, withdrew the non-cooperation movement on Feb. 12, 1922.
Swaraj party (1923) : Mahatma Gandhi's decision to call off the agitation caused frustration among masses. His decision came in for severe criticism from his colleagues like Motilal Nehru, C.R Dad and N.C Kelkar, who organised the swaraj party The foundations of the swaraj party were laid on January 1, 1923,as the ' Congress khilafat- Swaraj party'.
It proposed then an alternative program of diverting the movement from widespread civil disobedience program to restrictive one which would encourage its member to enter into legislative councils by contesting elections in order to wreckthe legislature from within and to use moral pressure to compare the authority to concede to the popular demand for self government.
In the election held in 1923 the swaraj party captured 45 of the 145 seats. in provincial election they secured few seeds but in the central province they secured a clear majority. In Bengal, the swaraj party was the largest party. They follow the policy of undiluted opposition. The swarajists demanded the release all the political prisoner, provincial autonomy, repairing of the repressive law imposed by the government. However after the death of C.R Das in 1925 they drifted towards a policy of cooperation with the government. This led to dissention and the party broke up in 1926.
Essay on Mahatma Gandhi in 300 words:-
Simon Commission ( 1927 ): The activities of the Swaraj party had induced the British government to review the working of the dyarchy system introduced by the Montague- Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 and to report to what extent a representative government could be introduced in India. The British government appointed the Simon Commission in November 1927 for the task. All members of the commission were Europeans ( White). Indian political leaders felt insulted and decided to boycott the commission. Wherever the commission went their work crises of "Simon go back". it was while leading a demonstration against the Simon Commission in Lahore that a fatal lathi-blow was dealt to Lala Lajpat Rai. It was his that Bhagat Singh and his comrades were seeking to avenge the killed a white police official, Saunders, in December. 1982.
Nehru Committee report (1928) : The committee set up was set up under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to determine the principles of the Constitution before actually drafting it. The chief architects of the report were Motilal Nehru and Tej bahadur spare. The recommendation evoked a lively Debate concerning the goal of India- Dominion status or complete Independence.
14 points of Jinnah ( March 9, 1929 ) : Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim league, did not accept the Nehru report. Jinnah thereafter drew up a list of Demands, which was called the "14 Points of Jinnah".
Lahore season ( December 1929) : At its annual season held in Lahore in December 1929 under the presidentship of Jawahral Lal Nehru, The Indian national Congress passed a resolution declaring "poorna swaraj" to be the goal of the national movement.
On December 31, 1929, the newly adopted tricolour flag was unfurled and January 26 was fixed as the Independence day which was to be celebrated every year, bleeding to the people not to submit to British rule any longer.
Long Essay on Mahatma Gandhi:-
Dandi March/salt satyagraha (1930) : To achieve the goal of "complete Independence", Mahatma Gandhi launch the another civil disobedience movement. Along with 78 followers, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous March from sabarmati ashram on March 12 1934 the small village dandi to break the salt law Mahatma Gandhi covered a distance of 240 minutes in 24 days. On reaching the seashore. By picking a handful salt, Mahatma Gandhi inaugurated the civil disobedience movement, a movement that was to remain unsurpassedin the history of Indian national movement for the countrywide mass participation it unleashed. The movement became so powerful that is sparked off patriotism even among the Indian soldiers in the army.the Gharwal soldiers refused to fire on the people at Peshawar.
The first round table conference (1930) : It was held in London on November 12, 1932 discuss the Simon commission, but was totally boycotted by the Indian national Congress. The commission had proposed self -government in the provinces and federation of British India and the princely states and the centre. However, the representative of the Muslim league, liberals and other parties had assembled for the discussion on the commission report. But in absence of a premier political party, the first round table conference had to be adjourned to January 2, 1931.
Mahatma Gandhi -Irwin pact/Delhi pact ( March 5, 1931) : early in 1931 to moderate statesman, sapru and jaykar initiated efforts to bring about approachment between Mahatma Gandhi and the government. Six meeting with viceroy Lord Irwin finally led to the signing offer pact between the two on March 5, 1931, where by the Congress called off the movement and agreed to join the second round table conference. Regarding Mahatma Gandhi -Irwin pact jawaharlal Nehru remarks, 'this is the way the world ends/not with a bang, but a whimper".
Essay on Mahatma Gandhi 100, 200 in Video
FAQS on Mahatma Gandhi:-
Ques 1) Who is the person Gandhi choose the individual satyagraha at first?
Ans 1) Acharya vinoba bhave is the first person who was chosen by gandhi at first.
